Document (#10144)

Author
Leventhal, L.M.
Title
Age-related differences in the use of hypertext : experiment and design guidelines
Source
Hypermedia. 6(1994) no.1, S.19-34
Year
1994
Abstract
Hypertext systems can be targeted for many different user populations, yet little experimental research has been done to provide design guidelines on how to match the system to the user. Describes an experiment to test whether age relates to the dimensions of performance, navigation strategies and perceptions in use of a hypertext library card catalogue. While adults were superior to children in speed and accuracy, there were no indications that the children were qualitatively different than the adults in navigation patterns or perceptions of the system. Some children exhibitied more exploratory problem solving behaviours than the adults. A number of design guidelines are offered, based on the empirical results
Theme
Hypertext

Similar documents (content)

  1. Drabenstott, K.M.; Simcox, S.; Fenton, E.G.: End-user understanding of subject headings in library catalogs (1999) 0.24
    0.23865314 = sum of:
      0.23865314 = product of:
        0.9943881 = sum of:
          0.016819954 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016819954 = score(doc=1333,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06384215 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0581656 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.2634616 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
          0.03099956 = weight(abstract_txt:user in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03099956 = score(doc=1333,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07617012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1558253 = boost
                3.6835442 = idf(docFreq=3020, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.40697798 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6835442 = idf(docFreq=3020, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
          0.03665298 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03665298 = score(doc=1333,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.08517009 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2222033 = boost
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.43035033 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
          0.03252033 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03252033 = score(doc=1333,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.113420434 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.727393 = boost
                3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.28672373 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
          0.35931355 = weight(abstract_txt:children in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.35931355 = score(doc=1333,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.39011863 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2036412 = boost
                6.806538 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.92103666 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                6.806538 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
          0.5180817 = weight(abstract_txt:adults in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.5180817 = score(doc=1333,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.49790496 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.6192513 = boost
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              1.0405233 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. Spink, A.; Danby, S.; Mallan, K.; Butler, C.: Exploring young children's web searching and technoliteracy (2010) 0.21
    0.21044111 = sum of:
      0.21044111 = product of:
        0.7515754 = sum of:
          0.04789775 = weight(abstract_txt:exploratory in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04789775 = score(doc=3623,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11813112 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0178108 = boost
                6.487401 = idf(docFreq=182, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.40546256 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.487401 = idf(docFreq=182, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
          0.020734055 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020734055 = score(doc=3623,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08517009 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2222033 = boost
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.24344292 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
          0.08767111 = weight(abstract_txt:behaviours in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08767111 = score(doc=3623,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17676324 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.245033 = boost
                7.935687 = idf(docFreq=42, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.49598044 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.935687 = idf(docFreq=42, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
          0.08767111 = weight(abstract_txt:qualitatively in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08767111 = score(doc=3623,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17676324 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.245033 = boost
                7.935687 = idf(docFreq=42, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.49598044 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.935687 = idf(docFreq=42, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
          0.03679255 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03679255 = score(doc=3623,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.113420434 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.727393 = boost
                3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.32439086 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
          0.031720415 = weight(abstract_txt:design in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031720415 = score(doc=3623,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1294456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8453943 = boost
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.24504824 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
          0.4390884 = weight(abstract_txt:children in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.4390884 = score(doc=3623,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.39011863 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2036412 = boost
                6.806538 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              1.1255254 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                6.806538 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  3. Bertha, E.; Schwarz, E.J.: Hypermedia in the library : design guidelines based on assessment tests (1992) 0.18
    0.18307786 = sum of:
      0.18307786 = product of:
        0.7628244 = sum of:
          0.046612825 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.046612825 = score(doc=46,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.06384215 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0581656 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.7301262 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
          0.035072 = weight(abstract_txt:user in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.035072 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07617012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1558253 = boost
                3.6835442 = idf(docFreq=3020, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.46044302 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6835442 = idf(docFreq=3020, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
          0.06344083 = weight(abstract_txt:design in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06344083 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1294456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8453943 = boost
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.49009648 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
          0.14507754 = weight(abstract_txt:navigation in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14507754 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19628076 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8554051 = boost
                5.913062 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.73913276 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.913062 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
          0.19246422 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19246422 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2712739 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.6714654 = boost
                5.6758637 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.70948297 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6758637 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
          0.28015697 = weight(abstract_txt:guidelines in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.28015697 = score(doc=46,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.2765449 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.6972945 = boost
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              1.0130614 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  4. Bar-Ilan, J.; Belous, Y.: Children as architects of Web directories : an exploratory study (2007) 0.18
    0.17844798 = sum of:
      0.17844798 = product of:
        0.6373142 = sum of:
          0.04789775 = weight(abstract_txt:exploratory in 289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04789775 = score(doc=289,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11813112 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0178108 = boost
                6.487401 = idf(docFreq=182, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.40546256 = fieldWeight in 289, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.487401 = idf(docFreq=182, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=289)
          0.05107955 = weight(abstract_txt:card in 289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05107955 = score(doc=289,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12330641 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0398668 = boost
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.41424894 = fieldWeight in 289, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=289)
          0.013455964 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013455964 = score(doc=289,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06384215 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0581656 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.21076928 = fieldWeight in 289, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=289)
          0.01727958 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01727958 = score(doc=289,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07542577 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.150164 = boost
                3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.22909386 = fieldWeight in 289, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=289)
          0.03679255 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03679255 = score(doc=289,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.113420434 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.727393 = boost
                3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.32439086 = fieldWeight in 289, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=289)
          0.031720415 = weight(abstract_txt:design in 289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031720415 = score(doc=289,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1294456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8453943 = boost
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.24504824 = fieldWeight in 289, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=289)
          0.4390884 = weight(abstract_txt:children in 289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.4390884 = score(doc=289,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.39011863 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2036412 = boost
                6.806538 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              1.1255254 = fieldWeight in 289, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                6.806538 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=289)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  5. Thimbleby, H.: Designing user interfaces for problem solving, with application to hypertext and creative writing (1994) 0.17
    0.17466979 = sum of:
      0.17466979 = product of:
        0.7277908 = sum of:
          0.12164808 = weight(abstract_txt:solving in 1781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12164808 = score(doc=1781,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.12018652 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0266272 = boost
                6.543596 = idf(docFreq=172, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              1.0121608 = fieldWeight in 1781, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.543596 = idf(docFreq=172, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1781)
          0.023547936 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023547936 = score(doc=1781,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06384215 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0581656 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.36884624 = fieldWeight in 1781, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1781)
          0.11894701 = weight(abstract_txt:relates in 1781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11894701 = score(doc=1781,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14917564 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1437572 = boost
                7.290168 = idf(docFreq=81, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.7973621 = fieldWeight in 1781, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.290168 = idf(docFreq=81, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1781)
          0.030687999 = weight(abstract_txt:user in 1781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.030687999 = score(doc=1781,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07617012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1558253 = boost
                3.6835442 = idf(docFreq=3020, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.40288764 = fieldWeight in 1781, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6835442 = idf(docFreq=3020, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1781)
          0.096147396 = weight(abstract_txt:design in 1781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.096147396 = score(doc=1781,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.1294456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8453943 = boost
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              0.742763 = fieldWeight in 1781, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.9207718 = idf(docFreq=2382, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1781)
          0.33681238 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 1781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.33681238 = score(doc=1781,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.2712739 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.6714654 = boost
                5.6758637 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017890668 = queryNorm
              1.2415951 = fieldWeight in 1781, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.6758637 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1781)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)