Document (#15746)

Author

Scaife, M.
Rogers, Y.

Title

External cognition : how do graphical representations work?

Source

International journal of human-computer studies. 45(1996) no.2, S.185-213

Year

1996

Abstract

Critiques the disparate literature on graphical representation, focusing on 4 representative studies. Proposes a new agenda for graphical representation research, which builds on the nascent theoretical approach within cognitive science that analyzes the role played by external representations in relation to internal mental ones. Outlines some of the central properties of this relationship that are necessary for the processing of graphical representations. Considers how this analysis can inform the selection and design of both traditional and advanced forms of graphical technology

Theme

Information

Similar documents (author)

1. Rogers, M.N.: Are we on equal terms yet? : subject headings concerning women in LCSH, 1975-1991 (1993) 5.38

   5.378652 = sum of:
     5.378652 = weight(author_txt:rogers in 4495) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.378652 = score(doc=4495,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.1162001 = queryNorm
         5.3786526 = fieldWeight in 4495, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4495)
   

2. Rogers, M.: Experimental LAN tested in California : a public, academic, and special library in San Diego connect via radio signals for e-mail, doc delivery, and Internet access (1992) 5.38

   5.378652 = sum of:
     5.378652 = weight(author_txt:rogers in 6250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.378652 = score(doc=6250,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.1162001 = queryNorm
         5.3786526 = fieldWeight in 6250, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6250)
   

3. Rogers, R.D.: Subject bibliography versus subject catalog and periodical index (1950) 5.38

   5.378652 = sum of:
     5.378652 = weight(author_txt:rogers in 6214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.378652 = score(doc=6214,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.1162001 = queryNorm
         5.3786526 = fieldWeight in 6214, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6214)
   

4. Rogers, D.: Cataloguing Internet resources : the evolution of the Dublin Core metadata set (1997) 5.38

   5.378652 = sum of:
     5.378652 = weight(author_txt:rogers in 903) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.378652 = score(doc=903,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.1162001 = queryNorm
         5.3786526 = fieldWeight in 903, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=903)
   

5. Rogers, R.: Teaching information skills : a review of the research and its impact on education (1993) 5.38

   5.378652 = sum of:
     5.378652 = weight(author_txt:rogers in 776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.378652 = score(doc=776,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.1162001 = queryNorm
         5.3786526 = fieldWeight in 776, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=776)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016) 0.13

   0.13164897 = sum of:
     0.13164897 = product of:
       0.5485374 = sum of:
         0.028247977 = weight(abstract_txt:advanced in 5820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028247977 = score(doc=5820,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.102697596 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0911174 = boost
               5.8679414 = idf(docFreq=339, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.27505976 = fieldWeight in 5820, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8679414 = idf(docFreq=339, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5820)
         0.03331548 = weight(abstract_txt:internal in 5820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03331548 = score(doc=5820,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1146391 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.15281 = boost
               6.199719 = idf(docFreq=243, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.29061183 = fieldWeight in 5820, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.199719 = idf(docFreq=243, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5820)
         0.07022146 = weight(abstract_txt:builds in 5820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07022146 = score(doc=5820,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14957947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3168228 = boost
               7.0817666 = idf(docFreq=100, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.46945924 = fieldWeight in 5820, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.0817666 = idf(docFreq=100, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5820)
         0.03342482 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 5820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03342482 = score(doc=5820,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14475207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8319716 = boost
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.23091084 = fieldWeight in 5820, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5820)
         0.11065401 = weight(abstract_txt:external in 5820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11065401 = score(doc=5820,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.2229375 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2735155 = boost
               6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.49634546 = fieldWeight in 5820, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5820)
         0.2726736 = weight(abstract_txt:representations in 5820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2726736 = score(doc=5820,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.32281747 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.350661 = boost
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.84466803 = fieldWeight in 5820, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5820)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Kolmayer, E.; Lavandier, J.; Roger, D.: Conceptual maps : users navigation through paradigmatic and syntagmatic links (1998) 0.09

   0.0872879 = sum of:
     0.0872879 = product of:
       0.72739923 = sum of:
         0.08485893 = weight(abstract_txt:mental in 58) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08485893 = score(doc=58,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13469365 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2495824 = boost
               6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.63001436 = fieldWeight in 58, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=58)
         0.06684964 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 58) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06684964 = score(doc=58,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14475207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8319716 = boost
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.46182168 = fieldWeight in 58, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=58)
         0.5756907 = weight(abstract_txt:graphical in 58) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5756907 = score(doc=58,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.655121 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.162219 = boost
               6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.87875473 = fieldWeight in 58, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=58)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

3. Nakakoji, K.; Yamamoto, Y.; Akaishi, M.; Hori, K.: Interaction design for scholarly writing : hypertext representations as a means for creative knowledge work (2005) 0.08

   0.083549514 = sum of:
     0.083549514 = product of:
       0.5221845 = sum of:
         0.021922274 = weight(abstract_txt:relation in 5921) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021922274 = score(doc=5921,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08672796 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0026997 = boost
               5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.25277054 = fieldWeight in 5921, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5921)
         0.057893485 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 5921) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057893485 = score(doc=5921,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14475207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8319716 = boost
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.39994928 = fieldWeight in 5921, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5921)
         0.09034862 = weight(abstract_txt:external in 5921) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09034862 = score(doc=5921,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2229375 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2735155 = boost
               6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.40526438 = fieldWeight in 5921, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5921)
         0.3520201 = weight(abstract_txt:representations in 5921) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3520201 = score(doc=5921,freq=15.0), product of:
             0.32281747 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.350661 = boost
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             1.0904617 = fieldWeight in 5921, product of:
               3.8729835 = tf(freq=15.0), with freq of:
                 15.0 = termFreq=15.0
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5921)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

4. Ganter, B.; Wille, R.: Formal concept analysis : mathematical foundations (1998) 0.08

   0.08236618 = sum of:
     0.08236618 = product of:
       0.68638486 = sum of:
         0.043844547 = weight(abstract_txt:relation in 5061) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043844547 = score(doc=5061,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08672796 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0026997 = boost
               5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.5055411 = fieldWeight in 5061, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5061)
         0.06684964 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 5061) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06684964 = score(doc=5061,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14475207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8319716 = boost
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.46182168 = fieldWeight in 5061, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5061)
         0.5756907 = weight(abstract_txt:graphical in 5061) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5756907 = score(doc=5061,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.655121 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.162219 = boost
               6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.87875473 = fieldWeight in 5061, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5061)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

5. Zimmer, H.D.: Modalitätsspezifische Systeme der Repräsentation und Verarbeitung von Information (1993) 0.08

   0.079168536 = sum of:
     0.079168536 = product of:
       0.39584267 = sum of:
         0.036500014 = weight(abstract_txt:necessary in 3294) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036500014 = score(doc=3294,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08666923 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0023602 = boost
               5.390612 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.42114156 = fieldWeight in 3294, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.390612 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3294)
         0.036537126 = weight(abstract_txt:relation in 3294) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036537126 = score(doc=3294,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08672796 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0026997 = boost
               5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.42128426 = fieldWeight in 3294, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3294)
         0.03785714 = weight(abstract_txt:forms in 3294) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03785714 = score(doc=3294,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08880446 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0146325 = boost
               5.456611 = idf(docFreq=512, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.42629775 = fieldWeight in 3294, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.456611 = idf(docFreq=512, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3294)
         0.07071578 = weight(abstract_txt:mental in 3294) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07071578 = score(doc=3294,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13469365 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2495824 = boost
               6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.52501196 = fieldWeight in 3294, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3294)
         0.21423261 = weight(abstract_txt:representations in 3294) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21423261 = score(doc=3294,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.32281747 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.350661 = boost
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01603995 = queryNorm
             0.6636339 = fieldWeight in 3294, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3294)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)