Document (#18087)

Author

Weinberg, B.H.

Title

¬The earliest Hebrew citation indexes

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.4, S.318-330

Year

1997

Abstract

The invention of the citation index was credited to Shepard (1873) and Shapiro described a legal citation index published in 1743. A similar index was embedded in the Talmud 2 centuries earlier (1546). The 1st Hebrew citation index to a printed book is dated 1511. The earliest Hebrew manuscript citation index, ascribed to Maimonides, dates from the 12th century. Considerable knowledge was assumed for users of these tools. The substantial knowledge of their compilers contrats with the semi-automatic production of modern citation indexes. The terms citation, quotation, reference, cross-reference, locator, and concordance are employed inconsistently in publications about Hebrew indexes. There is a lack of citation links between the secondary literature on Hebrew indexes and that of citation analysis

Footnote

Contribution to part 1 of a 2 part series on the history of documentation and information science

Theme

Citation indexing

Similar documents (author)

1. Weinberg, B.H.: Why indexing fails the researcher (1988) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:weinberg in 703) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 703, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=703)
   

2. Weinberg, B.H.: JEWS-DASH, Library of Congress Subject Headings for judaica : a methodology for analysis (1985) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:weinberg in 2878) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 2878, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2878)
   

3. Weinberg, A.M.: On the relation between information and energy systems : a family of Maxwell's demons (1990) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:weinberg in 4112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 4112, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4112)
   

4. Weinberg, B.H.: ¬The hidden classification in Library of Congress Subject Headings for Judaica (1993) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:weinberg in 6162) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 6162, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6162)
   

5. Weinberg, B.H.: Computer-assisted database indexing : introduction (1993) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:weinberg in 8094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 8094, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=8094)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Weinberg, B.H.: Citation, obliteration, and plagiarism, as discussed in ancient Jewish sources (2010) 0.18

   0.18076 = sum of:
     0.18076 = product of:
       1.12975 = sum of:
         0.11861422 = weight(abstract_txt:locator in 4099) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11861422 = score(doc=4099,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1417723 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3662217 = boost
               8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.836653 = fieldWeight in 4099, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4099)
         0.1256339 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 4099) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1256339 = score(doc=4099,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2338432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5092785 = boost
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.53725696 = fieldWeight in 4099, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4099)
         0.7091533 = weight(abstract_txt:hebrew in 4099) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.7091533 = score(doc=4099,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.6338312 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.459476 = boost
               8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             1.1188362 = fieldWeight in 4099, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4099)
         0.17634863 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 4099) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17634863 = score(doc=4099,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.38414553 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.74675 = boost
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.45906723 = fieldWeight in 4099, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4099)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

2. Araújo, P.C. de; Gutierres Castanha, R.C.; Hjoerland, B.: Citation indexing and indexes (2021) 0.14

   0.13590695 = sum of:
     0.13590695 = product of:
       0.84941846 = sum of:
         0.021603895 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021603895 = score(doc=444,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.044937823 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0877936 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.48075083 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
         0.23410492 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23410492 = score(doc=444,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.2338432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5092785 = boost
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             1.0011191 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
         0.1289902 = weight(abstract_txt:index in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1289902 = score(doc=444,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.20072824 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6350863 = boost
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.64261115 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
         0.46471944 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.46471944 = score(doc=444,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.38414553 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.74675 = boost
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             1.2097484 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Garfield, E.: Citation indexes for science (1985) 0.13

   0.12823705 = sum of:
     0.12823705 = product of:
       0.6411853 = sum of:
         0.014832367 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 3632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014832367 = score(doc=3632,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.070903964 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3663933 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.20918953 = fieldWeight in 3632, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3632)
         0.07422732 = weight(abstract_txt:1873 in 3632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07422732 = score(doc=3632,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16465038 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4723357 = boost
               9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.45081776 = fieldWeight in 3632, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3632)
         0.1256339 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 3632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1256339 = score(doc=3632,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.2338432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5092785 = boost
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.53725696 = fieldWeight in 3632, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3632)
         0.13405055 = weight(abstract_txt:index in 3632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13405055 = score(doc=3632,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.20072824 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6350863 = boost
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.6678211 = fieldWeight in 3632, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3632)
         0.29244113 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 3632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29244113 = score(doc=3632,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.38414553 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.74675 = boost
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.7612769 = fieldWeight in 3632, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3632)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. Gordon, A.: ¬The invisibility of science publications in hebrew : a comparative database study (2012) 0.12

   0.11976387 = sum of:
     0.11976387 = product of:
       0.99803233 = sum of:
         0.084256046 = weight(abstract_txt:index in 79) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.084256046 = score(doc=79,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.20072824 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6350863 = boost
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.41975182 = fieldWeight in 79, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=79)
         0.7475132 = weight(abstract_txt:hebrew in 79) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.7475132 = score(doc=79,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.6338312 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.459476 = boost
               8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             1.1793568 = fieldWeight in 79, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=79)
         0.16626307 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 79) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16626307 = score(doc=79,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.38414553 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.74675 = boost
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.43281272 = fieldWeight in 79, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=79)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

5. He, Y.; Hui, S.C.: PubSearch : a Web citation-based retrieval system (2001) 0.09

   0.08519909 = sum of:
     0.08519909 = product of:
       0.5324943 = sum of:
         0.024720611 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 4806) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024720611 = score(doc=4806,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.070903964 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3663933 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.3486492 = fieldWeight in 4806, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4806)
         0.104694895 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 4806) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.104694895 = score(doc=4806,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2338432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5092785 = boost
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.4477141 = fieldWeight in 4806, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4806)
         0.07447253 = weight(abstract_txt:index in 4806) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07447253 = score(doc=4806,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20072824 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6350863 = boost
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.37101173 = fieldWeight in 4806, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4806)
         0.32860628 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 4806) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32860628 = score(doc=4806,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.38414553 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.74675 = boost
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011627763 = queryNorm
             0.8554213 = fieldWeight in 4806, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4806)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)