Document (#24475)

Author

Landau, H.

Title

Madonna, aber bitte in Jazz : Experten typisieren Lieder anhand von über 400 Merkmalen - den "Genen der Musik"

Source

Süddeutsche Zeitung Nr.xxx vom 7.8.2001, S. -

Year

2001

Abstract

Was haben Steve und Glenn Miller gemeinsam? Beide erlangten Berühmtheit als Chef einer Musikkapelle - hier die Steve Miller Band, dort das Glenn Miller Orchestra. Doch wie sieht es mit der musikalischen Verwandtschaft aus? Hier der Rocker Steve, dort der Jazzer Glenn. Nach der Analyse der menschlichen Gene haben die Fachleute sich jetzt auch daran gemacht, nach den kleinsten charakteristischen Bausteinen in Liedern zu forschen - quasi den Genen in der Musik. Insgesamt mehr als 250 000 Melodien haben Musikexperten des kalifornischen Unternehmens Savage Beast analysiert. Gene in der Musik, die der Fortpflanzung dienen, haben sie zwar keine entdeckt, dafür aber rund 400 Schlüsselelemente wie Rhythmus, Melodie, Synkopierung und typische Instrumente. Damit gaben sich die Musikprofis aber nicht zufrieden. Und so fanden sie auch noch unterschiedliche, aber durchaus typische Arten von Liedtexten. - Das Geheimnis des Geschmacks - Ihre Ergebnisse bezeichnen sie als "genetische Merkmale". Schließlich ist das Music Genom Project dem Human Genom Projekt nicht unähnlich. Die Idee dazu hatte Tim Westergren. "Ich bin selbst Musiker. Der zündende Funke kam mir bei meiner Tätigkeit als Filmkomponist", erläutert er. Er verbrachte sehr viel Zeit damit herauszufinden, was für eine Art von Musik die Regisseure und Produzenten haben wollten. Nach endlosen Gesprächen versuchte er endlich herauszufinden, was genau hinter einem bestimmten Musikgeschmack steckt, und welche Elemente dafür verantwortlich sind. "Denn ich möchte ja die Musik anbieten, die den Produzenten gefällt. Ich will im Voraus wissen, in welche Richtung ich komponieren soll." So entstanden die Firma Savage Beast und mit ihr eine Datenbank, in der die typischen Merkmale der Musik gespeichert sind. Die Einteilung der Musik in Kategorien wie Pop, Klassik, Rock oder Jazz reicht hier bei weitem nicht aus. Jedes einzelne Musikstück wird typisiert. Da auch in der Musik das Rad nicht jeden Tag neu erfunden wird, enthalten viele Musikstücke dieselben, typischen Merkmale. Ähnliche Melodien, gleicher Rhythmus oder aber auch einen Text, der vom selben Thema handelt. Zum Beispiel taucht in vielen Liedtexten die Liebe auf. Und der Techno-Fan kennt die Ähnlichkeit der Hits, die täglich aus dem Radio tönen. Auf so eine Datenbank haben vor allem die Musikhändler im Internet gerade gewartet, denn der Kunde kann dort Musikstücke auf die genannten Merkmale hin vergleichen. Wenn der Hörer weiß, welcher Song ihm gefällt, kann ihm die Datenbank anhand der charakteristischen Merkmale des Stücks Vorschläge von ähnlichen Musiktiteln unterbreiten. Die erste Anwendung in kleinem Massstab hat Barnes & Noble für Jazz-Platten bereitgestellt. Dort findet die Datenbank ähnliche Songs für Glenn-Miller-Stücken (zum Beispiel Count Basie und Benny Goodman), aber noch nichts zu Steve Miller. Sobald Musikfans Zugang zu der Musikdatenbank bekommen, könnten sie auch gezielt nach Liedern suchen, die ein Gitarrensolo enthalten. Oder nach einer bestimmten Gesangsstimme. Und das auch Genreübergreifend: Gefällt einem Käufer vielleicht die Stimme von Madonna, nicht jedoch aber die Stilrichtung ihrer Musik, kann er nun gezielt nach einer ähnlichen Gesangsstimme suchen. Und die kann auch in anderen Stilrichtungen auftauchen, zum Beispiel im Jazz. - Gassenhauer mit Rechnerhilfe - Die Suche ist dabei beinahe unbegrenzt: Musikstücke können nach ihrer Tanzbarkeit (Tango oder Fox?) gesucht werden, oder aber nach einen bestimmten Instrument (Harfe oder Handharmonika?). Das Ganze funktioniert aber auch umgekehrt. Eine große Plattenfirrna möchte mit Hilfe von Savage Beast die aktuellen Hits analysieren, um daraus künftige Gassenhauer zu synthetisieren. Ob Steve Miller davon begeistert ist? Der Rockveteran hat das Gitarrespielen und Komponieren gelernt, als Musik noch Handarbeit war. Aber er trägt zu dieser neuen Entwicklung bei: als einer der Trainer, der die Musikanalysten aus gebildet hat

Field

Musik

Form

Musik-Tonträger

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5. Müller, H.: Suchen ohne Worte : Wie inhaltsbasierte Bildersuche funktioniert (2001) 0.13

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