Document (#28480)

Title

Auch der Affe zählt : Studie: Rhesusaffen erfassen das Konzept von Zahlen auch ohne Sprache

Source

http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissen/news/253925.html

Year

2005

Series

Hirnforschung

Abstract

Affen haben einen ausgeprägten Sinn für Zahlen: Hören sie die Stimmen von drei Artgenossen, erwarten sie auch, drei verschiedene Gesichter zu sehen. Das hat ein amerikanisch-deutsches Forscherteam bei Versuchen mit Rhesusaffen nachgewiesen. Die Tiere können demnach eine zahlenmäßige Übereinstimmung auch dann erkennen, wenn die Informationen von verschiedenen Sinnen stammen. Für ein solches Zahlenkonzept ist Sprache daher im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Theorie keine Voraussetzung.

Content

Für ihre Studie setzten die Wissenschaftler ihre Testaffen vor zwei Monitore, auf denen jeweils zwei oder drei fremde Artgenossen zu sehen waren. Gleichzeitig hörten die Tiere aus einem versteckten Lautsprecher gurrende Laute, die entweder von zwei oder von drei Individuen stammten. Während dieses Tests filmten die Forscher die Affen, um zu überprüfen, für welchen Monitor sie sich mehr interessierten. Alle Affen richteten ihre Aufmerksamkeit fast ausschließlich auf den Monitor, auf der die richtige Anzahl von Artgenossen erschien, zeigte die Auswertung. Damit können die Tiere nicht nur unterscheiden, wie viele verschiedene Rufe sie hören, sondern diese Erkenntnis auch auf die Informationen übertragen, die sie sehen. Diese Fähigkeit sei für das tägliche Leben in freier Wildbahn sehr wichtig, kommentieren die Forscher. Schließlich müsse sich die Gruppe darauf einstellen, ob sich lediglich zwei fremde Artgenossen nähern oder gleich zehn. Bislang hatten Forscher eine solche numerische Informationsübertragung zwischen verschiedenen Sinnen lediglich bei erwachsenen Menschen nachgewiesen. Die neuen Ergebnisse zeigen nun, dass sie auch unabhängig von sprachlichen Strukturen auftreten könne, schreiben die Wissenschaftler. In weiteren Versuchen wollen sie nun überprüfen, ob auch kleine Kinder bereits ähnliche Fähigkeiten besitzen, bevor sie sprechen lernen. (07.06.2005)

Footnote

Berichtet nach: Kerry Jordan (Duke-Universität, Durham) et al.: Current Biology, Bd. 15, S. 1034

Field

Kognitionswissenschaft

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