Document (#28554)

Author

Flachmann, H.

Title

Zur Effizienz bibliothekarischer Inhaltserschließung : Allgemeine Probleme und die Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog (RSWK)

Source

Bibliotheksdienst. 38(2004) H.6, S.745-791

Year

2004

Abstract

A Einleitung Eine effiziente Sacherschließung gehört zum Selbstverständnis qualitätsbewusster und an Wirtschaftlichkeit orientierter Bibliotheken. Dies gilt gerade im Kontext weltweit vernetzter digitaler Informationsstrukturen, an denen Bibliotheken seit Beginn partizipieren und in denen sie sich medial neu konstituieren. Denn die Suchmöglichkeiten in elektronischen Medien haben eine verstärkte Nachfrage nach sachlich aufbereiteter Information ausgelöst. Für jedermann intuitiv einsichtig ist dies bei Internetrecherchen mit ihren oft nach Tausenden zählenden, fragmentierten Treffermengen, die eine Folge diverser und inhomogener, unzureichend beschriebener Materialien sind. In elektronischen Bibliothekskatalogen, im Unterschied zu den Zettelkatalogen, sind mehr als die Hälfte aller Recherchen sachliche Suchanfragen. Hierauf durch Maßnahmen zur sachlichen Erschließung der eigenen Bestände einzugehen, liegt sowohl im Benutzerinteresse' wie auch im wohlverstandenen Eigeninteresse der Bibliotheken. Von ihnen verlangt ökonomische Rationalität und Verantwortlichkeit, ihrem mit hohem Aufwand an Ressourcen systematisch aufgebauten Dokumentenbestand umfassend Wirksamkeit zu verleihen, indem sie ihn gerade auch sachlich anbieten. Dabei soll das thematische Literaturinteresse der Benutzer zuerst mit den vor Ort verfügbaren Dokumenten befriedigt werden können. Diese konsequente und zielgerichtete, möglichst umfassende Nutzung des eigenen Bibliothekspotentials vermögen bestandsunabhängige Formen der Sacherschließung wie etwa die fachbibliographische nicht zu gewährleisten. Sie leiten im Gegenteil von vornherein auf Literatur, die vor Ort häufig nicht vorhanden ist und die durch die für Bibliotheken und Benutzer gleichermaßen kostenintensive Fernleihe oder andere Formen der Dokumentenlieferung beschafft werden muss. Das Interesse der Bibliothek an der Sacherschließung ihrer Bestände korreliert auch ansonsten mit dem Benutzerinteresse. So bleibt denjenigen, deren Suche sich konkret auf das am Ort vorhandene, bedarfsorientierte Literatur- und Medienangebot der Bibliothek richtet, die aufwendigere bibliographische Recherche erspart. Doch liegt es auch generell im Nutzerinteresse, die unmittelbar verfügbare Literatur ballastfrei, schnell und vor allem vergleichsweise einfach sachlich ermitteln zu können. Hierfür bietet die bibliothekarische Sacherschließung über alle Fächer hinweg einheitliche und gleichförmige Recherchemöglichkeiten. Gegenüber den vielen, insofern disparaten, komplizierteren, umständlicheren und langwierigen Suchen in gedruckten oder elektronischen Fachbibliographien bedeutet dies nicht nur eine Reduktion von Komplexität, sondern auch einen rechenbaren Zeitgewinn.
Natürlich gilt das in Abhängigkeit vom Bibliotheksbestand nur bis zu einem bestimmten Grad an spezialisiertem Bedarf. Doch durch die Zusammenführung gleichförmiger bibliothekarischer Daten in überregionalen und internationalen virtuellen Katalogen macht die bibliothekarische Sacherschließung inzwischen auch spezielle Literatur zugänglich, die über das Angebot einzelner Bibliotheken hinausgeht. Kumulativ tendiert sie zum vollständigen, universellen sachbibliographischen Nachweis selbständiger Dokumente. Zusätzlich zur Reduktion von Aufwand treten spezifisch qualitative Benutzungsaspekte hinzu, die das Interesse an einer effizienten Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken begründen. So besitzt die bibliothekarische Inhaltserschließung gegenüber der Fachbibliographie eine grundsätzlich höhere Aktualität beim Nachweis neu erschienener Titel. Außerdem findet das genannte Interesse der Bibliothek an der möglichst intensiven Nutzbarkeit der eigenen Bestände seine Entsprechung bei denjenigen Nutzern, die mit ihrer thematischen Suche den Bibliotheksbestand erschöpfend auswerten möchten. Die Sacherschließung vermag hier die Sicherheit und das subjektive Zutrauen zu stärken, vorhandene Literaturbestände ausgeschöpft und für den eingesetzten Rechercheaufwand ein optimales Ergebnis erzielt zu haben. Nicht zuletzt eröffnet sie dann auch die Möglichkeit, Bibliotheksbestände inhaltlich zu bewerten und die Nutzung zusätzlicher Sachinformationsmittel besser einzuschätzen. Durch die Effizienzfrage wird die bibliothekarische Sacherschließung konsequent nicht als gegebene, sondern als konzipier-, überprüf- und optimierbare Größe verstanden. Demzufolge ist es notwendig, Erschließungskonzepte und -praxis mit den genannten und weiteren, präziser formulierten Anforderungen zu konfrontieren und daraufhin zu untersuchen, ob und inwiefern sie diesen Kriterien entsprechen. In welche Richtung die Untersuchung dabei geht, hängt von der Ausprägung des Effizienzbegriffes im konkreten Anwendungsbereich ab. Im folgenden sollen daher zunächst Aspekte einer effizienten bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung allgemeiner skizziert werden. Von hierher wird sich die anschließende Analyse der RSWK präziser bestimmen und einordnen lassen.

Content

Vgl. auch: Scheven, E.: Effiziente Sacherschließung in schwierigen Zeiten: Gedanken zur Zukunft der SWD. In: Bibliotheksdienst. 39(2005) H.6, S.748-773.

Theme

Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog (RSWK)

Object

RSWK
SWD

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4. Geißelmann, F. (Hrsg.): Sacherschließung in Online-Katalogen (1994) 0.39

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5. Schaefer, K.: ¬Die »bibliothekarische Kränkung« : Der Weg von einer Abteilung der Hauptbibliothek hin zum Zentralen Service Team Sacherschließung (2019) 0.32

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