Document (#30079)

Author
Schaar, P.
Title
"Ubiquitous Computing" - : lückenhafter Datenschutz?
Source
Wechselwirkung. 28(2006) Nr.136, S.22-25
Year
2006
Series
Schwerpunkt
Abstract
Die Miniaturisierung der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik dient der Verbesserung unserer Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen. Der Einsatz von technischen Systemen muss transparent und unter Wahrung des Selbstbestimmungsrechts der Betroffenen erfolgen. Die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik entwickelt sich permanent weiter: Die Rechenleistung und Vernetzungsdichte der Systeme steigt, die Übertragungsbandbreite und Speicherkapazität nimmt zu und die Komponenten werden immer kleiner. Besonders die Miniaturisierung hat zu Visionen über neue Einsatzfelder für IT-Systeme geführt. Die mit den Schlagworten "Pervasive Computing", "Ubiquitous Computing" und "Ambient Intelligence" verbundenen Konzepte führen zu miniaturisierten IT-Systemen, die unsere Alltagswelt durchdringen, ohne das sie noch als "Computer" erkannt werden. Trends, die diese Entwicklung vorantreiben, sind etwa - leistungsfähigere, kleinere Prozessoren und Speicherbausteine, - höhere Integration der Netze (UMTS, WiMax, GSM, WLAN, Bluetooth) mit neuen Diensten etwa zur spontanen Vernetzung von IT-Systemen, sowie - neue Sensoren, langlebige und sehr kleine Batterien. Auch sollen durch die Forschung in der Nanotechnologie neue Produkte - etwa in der Medizin - entwickelt werden, die durch eindeutige Kennungen in den Nano-Partikeln spätere Rückverfolgung oder Identifizierung der "Träger" ermöglichen könnten. Bereits heute wird durch neue IT-Systeme der Einsatz von Informationstechnik weitgehend unsichtbar, z. B. wenn Mikroprozessoren in Alltagsgegenstände integriert sind. Mit der Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) rückt die Vision dieser allgegenwärtigen Datenverarbeitung näher. Dies bringt neue Gefahren für die Persönlichkeitsrechte der Bürgerinnen und Bürger mit sich. Daher sind Konzepte zum Schutz der Privatsphäre gefragt, die bereits beim Systementwurf greifen und nicht erst nachträglich "aufgepfropft" werden. Nachträglicher Datenschutz ist nicht nur weniger effektiv, sondern auch teuerer als eingebauter (System-) Datenschutz.
Object
RFID

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