Document (#34716)

Author

Lykourentzou, I.
Giannoukos, I.
Mpardis, G.
Nikolopoulos, V.
Loumos, V.

Title

Early and dynamic student achievement prediction in e-learning courses using neural networks

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.2, S.372-380

Year

2009

Abstract

The increasing popularity of e-learning has created a need for accurate student achievement prediction mechanisms, allowing instructors to improve the efficiency of their courses by addressing specific needs of their students at an early stage. In this paper, a student achievement prediction method applied to a 10-week introductory level e-learning course is presented. The proposed method uses multiple feed-forward neural networks to dynamically predict students' final achievement and to cluster them in two virtual groups, according to their performance. Multiple-choice test grades were used as the input data set of the networks. This form of test was preferred for its objectivity. Results showed that accurate prediction is possible at an early stage, more specifically at the third week of the 10-week course. In addition, when students were clustered, low misplacement rates demonstrated the adequacy of the approach. The results of the proposed method were compared against those of linear regression and the neural-network approach was found to be more effective in all prediction stages. The proposed methodology is expected to support instructors in providing better educational services as well as customized assistance according to students' predicted level of performance.

Similar documents (content)

1. Onwuegbutie, A.J.; Jiao, Q.G.: Information search performance and research achievement : an empirical test of the anxiety expectation mediation model of library anxiety (2004) 0.23

   0.2342887 = sum of:
     0.2342887 = product of:
       0.65080196 = sum of:
         0.020732759 = weight(abstract_txt:level in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020732759 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.073749974 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0338756 = boost
               4.497956 = idf(docFreq=1337, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.28112224 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.497956 = idf(docFreq=1337, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.045237936 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045237936 = score(doc=2068,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.078157805 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0643232 = boost
               4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.5788025 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.010778483 = weight(abstract_txt:their in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010778483 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054583244 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.089338 = boost
               3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.19746871 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.02928264 = weight(abstract_txt:test in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02928264 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09283904 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1599858 = boost
               5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.315413 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.016893653 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016893653 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.073649526 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2653712 = boost
               3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.22937898 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.046739113 = weight(abstract_txt:course in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046739113 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12679753 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3556349 = boost
               5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.36861217 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.036645703 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036645703 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12341548 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6380147 = boost
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.29692957 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.0777378 = weight(abstract_txt:students in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0777378 = score(doc=2068,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17799672 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.271477 = boost
               4.9411182 = idf(docFreq=858, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.43673727 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.9411182 = idf(docFreq=858, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.36675385 = weight(abstract_txt:achievement in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.36675385 = score(doc=2068,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.43739775 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5607429 = boost
               7.7456436 = idf(docFreq=51, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.8384905 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.7456436 = idf(docFreq=51, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Rokach, L.; Kalech, M.; Blank, I.; Stern, R.: Who is going to win the next Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Fellowship Award? : evaluating researchers by mining bibliographic data (2011) 0.18

   0.18436548 = sum of:
     0.18436548 = product of:
       0.65844816 = sum of:
         0.05781096 = weight(abstract_txt:accurate in 4945) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05781096 = score(doc=4945,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14610462 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4551888 = boost
               6.330911 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.39568195 = fieldWeight in 4945, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.330911 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4945)
         0.03116128 = weight(abstract_txt:method in 4945) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03116128 = score(doc=4945,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11077228 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5518457 = boost
               4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.28130937 = fieldWeight in 4945, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4945)
         0.04732891 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 4945) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04732891 = score(doc=4945,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11617034 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5892074 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.4074096 = fieldWeight in 4945, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4945)
         0.06347222 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 4945) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06347222 = score(doc=4945,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12341548 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6380147 = boost
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.51429707 = fieldWeight in 4945, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4945)
         0.04621944 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 4945) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04621944 = score(doc=4945,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14406905 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7697761 = boost
               5.133032 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.3208145 = fieldWeight in 4945, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.133032 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4945)
         0.11355033 = weight(abstract_txt:neural in 4945) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11355033 = score(doc=4945,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26230898 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3880289 = boost
               6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.43288767 = fieldWeight in 4945, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4945)
         0.29890501 = weight(abstract_txt:prediction in 4945) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29890501 = score(doc=4945,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.47059718 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.129353 = boost
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.6351611 = fieldWeight in 4945, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4945)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Guo, T.; Bai, X.; Zhen, S.; Abid, S.; Xia, F.: Lost at starting line : predicting maladaptation of university freshmen based on educational big data (2023) 0.18

   0.18066332 = sum of:
     0.18066332 = product of:
       0.75276387 = sum of:
         0.010778483 = weight(abstract_txt:their in 1194) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010778483 = score(doc=1194,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054583244 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.089338 = boost
               3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.19746871 = fieldWeight in 1194, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1194)
         0.033466596 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 1194) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033466596 = score(doc=1194,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11617034 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5892074 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.2880821 = fieldWeight in 1194, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1194)
         0.08371645 = weight(abstract_txt:early in 1194) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08371645 = score(doc=1194,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16990969 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9219499 = boost
               5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.49271148 = fieldWeight in 1194, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1194)
         0.09214891 = weight(abstract_txt:student in 1194) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09214891 = score(doc=1194,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22821686 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2274442 = boost
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.40377784 = fieldWeight in 1194, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1194)
         0.10993786 = weight(abstract_txt:students in 1194) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10993786 = score(doc=1194,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17799672 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.271477 = boost
               4.9411182 = idf(docFreq=858, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.6176398 = fieldWeight in 1194, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.9411182 = idf(docFreq=858, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1194)
         0.42271554 = weight(abstract_txt:prediction in 1194) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.42271554 = score(doc=1194,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.47059718 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.129353 = boost
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.89825344 = fieldWeight in 1194, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1194)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Garland, K.: ¬The information search process : a study of elements associated with meaningful research tasks (1995) 0.15

   0.15398173 = sum of:
     0.15398173 = product of:
       0.76990867 = sum of:
         0.043890998 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 2552) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043890998 = score(doc=2552,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.073649526 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2653712 = boost
               3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.59594405 = fieldWeight in 2552, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.6700637 = idf(docFreq=3061, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2552)
         0.07010867 = weight(abstract_txt:course in 2552) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07010867 = score(doc=2552,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12679753 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3556349 = boost
               5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.55291826 = fieldWeight in 2552, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2552)
         0.19547737 = weight(abstract_txt:student in 2552) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19547737 = score(doc=2552,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.22821686 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2274442 = boost
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.85654217 = fieldWeight in 2552, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2552)
         0.14281346 = weight(abstract_txt:students in 2552) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14281346 = score(doc=2552,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.17799672 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.271477 = boost
               4.9411182 = idf(docFreq=858, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.8023376 = fieldWeight in 2552, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.9411182 = idf(docFreq=858, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2552)
         0.31761816 = weight(abstract_txt:achievement in 2552) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31761816 = score(doc=2552,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.43739775 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5607429 = boost
               7.7456436 = idf(docFreq=51, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.7261541 = fieldWeight in 2552, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7456436 = idf(docFreq=51, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2552)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Hsu, M.-H.; Chen, H.-H.: Efficient and effective prediction of social tags to enhance Web search (2011) 0.14

   0.144605 = sum of:
     0.144605 = product of:
       0.6025208 = sum of:
         0.022618968 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 4625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022618968 = score(doc=4625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.078157805 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0643232 = boost
               4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.28940126 = fieldWeight in 4625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4625)
         0.08999508 = weight(abstract_txt:stage in 4625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08999508 = score(doc=4625,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13607006 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4043282 = boost
               6.1096387 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.6613878 = fieldWeight in 4625, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.1096387 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4625)
         0.03116128 = weight(abstract_txt:method in 4625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03116128 = score(doc=4625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11077228 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5518457 = boost
               4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.28130937 = fieldWeight in 4625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4625)
         0.033466596 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 4625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033466596 = score(doc=4625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11617034 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5892074 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.2880821 = fieldWeight in 4625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4625)
         0.059196472 = weight(abstract_txt:early in 4625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059196472 = score(doc=4625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16990969 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9219499 = boost
               5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.34839964 = fieldWeight in 4625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4625)
         0.3660824 = weight(abstract_txt:prediction in 4625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3660824 = score(doc=4625,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.47059718 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.129353 = boost
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015859095 = queryNorm
             0.7779103 = fieldWeight in 4625, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4625)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)