Document (#35166)

Author

Zheng, H.-T.
Borchert, C.
Kim, H.-G.

Title

Exploiting corpus-related ontologies for conceptualizing document corpora

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.11, S.2287-2299

Year

2009

Abstract

As a greater volume of information becomes increasingly available across all disciplines, many approaches, such as document clustering and information visualization, have been proposed to help users manage information easily. However, most of these methods do not directly extract key concepts and their semantic relationships from document corpora, which could help better illuminate the conceptual structures within given information. To address this issue, we propose an approach called Clonto to process a document corpus, identify the key concepts, and automatically generate ontologies based on these concepts for the purpose of conceptualization. For a given document corpus, Clonto applies latent semantic analysis to identify key concepts, allocates documents based on these concepts, and utilizes WordNet to automatically generate a corpus-related ontology. The documents are linked to the ontology through the key concepts. Based on two test collections, the experimental results show that Clonto is able to identify key concepts, and outperforms four other clustering algorithms. Moreover, the ontologies generated by Clonto show significant informative conceptual structures.

Theme

Wissensrepräsentation

Object

Clonto

Similar documents (author)

1. Hill, L.L.; Zheng, Q.: Indirect geospatial referencing through place names in the digital library : Alexandra digital library experience with developing and implementing gazetteers (1999) 4.33

   4.326182 = sum of:
     4.326182 = weight(author_txt:zheng in 6543) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.326182 = score(doc=6543,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.115575336 = queryNorm
         4.3261824 = fieldWeight in 6543, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=6543)
   

2. Zheng, X.; Sun, A.: Collecting event-related tweets from twitter stream (2019) 4.33

   4.326182 = sum of:
     4.326182 = weight(author_txt:zheng in 4672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.326182 = score(doc=4672,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.115575336 = queryNorm
         4.3261824 = fieldWeight in 4672, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=4672)
   

3. Rada, R.; Bird, G.; Zheng, M.: Hypertext interchange using ICA (1995) 3.24

   3.2446365 = sum of:
     3.2446365 = weight(author_txt:zheng in 6806) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.2446365 = score(doc=6806,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.115575336 = queryNorm
         3.2446368 = fieldWeight in 6806, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=6806)
   

4. Rada, R.; Liu, Z.; Zheng, M.: Connecting educational information spaces (1997) 3.24

   3.2446365 = sum of:
     3.2446365 = weight(author_txt:zheng in 313) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.2446365 = score(doc=313,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.115575336 = queryNorm
         3.2446368 = fieldWeight in 313, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=313)
   

5. Hill, L.L.; Frew, J.; Zheng, Q.: Geographic names : the implementation of a gazetteer in a georeferenced digital library (1999) 3.24

   3.2446365 = sum of:
     3.2446365 = weight(author_txt:zheng in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.2446365 = score(doc=1240,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.115575336 = queryNorm
         3.2446368 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
           0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M.; Bar-Ilan, J.: Towards maximal unification of semantically diverse ontologies for controversial domains (2014) 0.37

   0.3743923 = sum of:
     0.3743923 = product of:
       0.71998525 = sum of:
         0.019343007 = weight(abstract_txt:related in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019343007 = score(doc=1634,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09814074 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0936093 = boost
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.19709457 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.022255195 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022255195 = score(doc=1634,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10775918 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1459475 = boost
               4.4059124 = idf(docFreq=1466, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.20652714 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4059124 = idf(docFreq=1466, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.06166722 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06166722 = score(doc=1634,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.11113143 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1637402 = boost
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.5549035 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.027035106 = weight(abstract_txt:given in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027035106 = score(doc=1634,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12268328 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2227291 = boost
               4.701121 = idf(docFreq=1091, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.22036505 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.701121 = idf(docFreq=1091, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.017883623 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017883623 = score(doc=1634,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.084623456 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2437371 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.21133174 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.021907032 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021907032 = score(doc=1634,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08463416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2438157 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.25884384 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.0073843007 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0073843007 = score(doc=1634,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.065070316 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2593429 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.113481864 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.030448139 = weight(abstract_txt:conceptual in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030448139 = score(doc=1634,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13280278 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2721583 = boost
               4.891165 = idf(docFreq=902, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.22927335 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.891165 = idf(docFreq=902, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.06178986 = weight(abstract_txt:automatically in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06178986 = score(doc=1634,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16895387 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4348999 = boost
               5.5168705 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.3657203 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5168705 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.10787506 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10787506 = score(doc=1634,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.16984923 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.438697 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.6351224 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.047019444 = weight(abstract_txt:identify in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047019444 = score(doc=1634,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20310257 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9268188 = boost
               4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.2315059 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.2439222 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2439222 = score(doc=1634,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.28250837 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2724736 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.86341584 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
         0.051455006 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 1634) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051455006 = score(doc=1634,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25572023 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7911944 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.20121601 = fieldWeight in 1634, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1634)
       0.52 = coord(13/25)
   

2. Zhang, J.; Mostafa, J.; Tripathy, H.: Information retrieval by semantic analysis and visualization of the concept space of D-Lib® magazine (2002) 0.34

   0.33687046 = sum of:
     0.33687046 = product of:
       0.6015544 = sum of:
         0.024286566 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024286566 = score(doc=1211,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.09428695 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0719224 = boost
               4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.2575814 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.018236762 = weight(abstract_txt:related in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018236762 = score(doc=1211,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09814074 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0936093 = boost
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.18582255 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.014836797 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014836797 = score(doc=1211,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10775918 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1459475 = boost
               4.4059124 = idf(docFreq=1466, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.13768476 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4059124 = idf(docFreq=1466, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.04111148 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04111148 = score(doc=1211,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.11113143 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1637402 = boost
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.36993566 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.014601917 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014601917 = score(doc=1211,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.084623456 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2437371 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.17255165 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.0119246775 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0119246775 = score(doc=1211,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08463416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2438157 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.14089674 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.03352997 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03352997 = score(doc=1211,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12866957 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2522051 = boost
               4.81445 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.26058975 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.81445 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.0202975 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0202975 = score(doc=1211,freq=17.0), product of:
             0.065070316 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2593429 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.3119318 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               4.1231055 = tf(freq=17.0), with freq of:
                 17.0 = termFreq=17.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.050451208 = weight(abstract_txt:automatically in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050451208 = score(doc=1211,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.16895387 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4348999 = boost
               5.5168705 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.29860938 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.5168705 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.038241643 = weight(abstract_txt:generate in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038241643 = score(doc=1211,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2025747 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5711952 = boost
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.18877798 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.05892949 = weight(abstract_txt:clustering in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05892949 = score(doc=1211,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21450594 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6168034 = boost
               6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.27472195 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.034303337 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034303337 = score(doc=1211,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25572023 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7911944 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.13414401 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.07869086 = weight(abstract_txt:corpus in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07869086 = score(doc=1211,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.41290838 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1723375 = boost
               6.0984654 = idf(docFreq=269, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.19057705 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0984654 = idf(docFreq=269, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
         0.16211219 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 1211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16211219 = score(doc=1211,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.4028073 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.144959 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.40245596 = fieldWeight in 1211, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1211)
       0.56 = coord(14/25)
   

3. Jiang, X.; Tan, A.-H.: CRCTOL: a semantic-based domain ontology learning system (2009) 0.30

   0.29986185 = sum of:
     0.29986185 = product of:
       0.8329495 = sum of:
         0.0710682 = weight(abstract_txt:wordnet in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0710682 = score(doc=3320,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1673564 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0098194 = boost
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.4246518 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.021250743 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021250743 = score(doc=3320,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09428695 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0719224 = boost
               4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.22538373 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.047099113 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047099113 = score(doc=3320,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11113143 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1637402 = boost
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.42381454 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.025553355 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025553355 = score(doc=3320,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.084623456 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2437371 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.3019654 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.050974034 = weight(abstract_txt:automatically in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050974034 = score(doc=3320,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16895387 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4348999 = boost
               5.5168705 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.30170387 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5168705 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.1359381 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1359381 = score(doc=3320,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.16984923 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.438697 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.80034566 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.22043155 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22043155 = score(doc=3320,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.28250837 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2724736 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.78026557 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.06003084 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06003084 = score(doc=3320,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25572023 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7911944 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.23475201 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
         0.20060362 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 3320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20060362 = score(doc=3320,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.4028073 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.144959 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.49801385 = fieldWeight in 3320, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3320)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

4. Köhler, J.; Philippi, S.; Specht, M.; Rüegg, A.: Ontology based text indexing and querying for the semantic web (2006) 0.28

   0.2777793 = sum of:
     0.2777793 = product of:
       0.7716092 = sum of:
         0.0812208 = weight(abstract_txt:wordnet in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0812208 = score(doc=3280,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1673564 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0098194 = boost
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.48531634 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.031077359 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031077359 = score(doc=3280,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11113143 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1637402 = boost
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.2796451 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.037701987 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037701987 = score(doc=3280,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.084623456 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2437371 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.44552645 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.01686404 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01686404 = score(doc=3280,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08463416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2438157 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.19925809 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.009845734 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009845734 = score(doc=3280,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.065070316 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2593429 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.15130915 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.08304225 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08304225 = score(doc=3280,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16984923 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.438697 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.48891744 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.08333889 = weight(abstract_txt:clustering in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08333889 = score(doc=3280,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21450594 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6168034 = boost
               6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.38851553 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.22997208 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22997208 = score(doc=3280,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.28250837 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2724736 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.8140363 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
         0.19854608 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 3280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19854608 = score(doc=3280,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.4028073 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.144959 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.49290586 = fieldWeight in 3280, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3280)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

5. Farazi, M.: Faceted lightweight ontologies : a formalization and some experiments (2010) 0.27

   0.2730188 = sum of:
     0.2730188 = product of:
       0.85318375 = sum of:
         0.0812208 = weight(abstract_txt:wordnet in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0812208 = score(doc=4997,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1673564 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0098194 = boost
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.48531634 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
         0.04395002 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04395002 = score(doc=4997,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11113143 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1637402 = boost
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.39547786 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4743214 = idf(docFreq=1369, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
         0.023849355 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023849355 = score(doc=4997,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08463416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2438157 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.28179348 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
         0.038717076 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038717076 = score(doc=4997,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12866957 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2522051 = boost
               4.81445 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.3009031 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.81445 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
         0.14383341 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14383341 = score(doc=4997,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.16984923 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.438697 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.8468299 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
         0.2908942 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2908942 = score(doc=4997,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.28250837 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2724736 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             1.0296835 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
         0.068606675 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068606675 = score(doc=4997,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25572023 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7911944 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.26828802 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
         0.16211219 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 4997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16211219 = score(doc=4997,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.4028073 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.144959 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.021342915 = queryNorm
             0.40245596 = fieldWeight in 4997, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4997)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)