Document (#35920)

Author

Jötten, F.

Title

Im Handumdrehen : 30 Jahre Rubik's Cube

Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.186 vom 13.8.2010, S.xx

Year

2010

Series

Panorama

Abstract

Er ist 30 Jahre alt und wieder da: der Zauberwürfel. Jetzt hat die Wissenschaft auch noch sein größtes Rätsel gelöst.

Content

"Er ist 30 Jahre alt und wieder da: der Zauberwürfel. Jüngst sah man immer öfter Kinder und Jugendliche, die an ihm drehten, um ihn so zu ordnen, dass alle seine Seiten eine Farbe haben. Jetzt hat die Wissenschaft auch noch sein größtes Rätsel gelöst - und es muss jeden frustrieren, der sich je in dem Knobelspiel versucht hat: Egal, wie der Würfel verdreht ist, man kann ihn mit höchstens 20 Zügen wieder in die Ausgangsstellung bringen. Selbst Menschen, die im Würfeldrehen geübt sind, brauchen in der Regel um die 40 Züge. Die Wissenschaftler um den Kalifornier Tom Rokicki und den Darmstädter Herbert Kociemba aber bewiesen mit einem trickreichen Computerprogramm und Hochleistungscomputern, dass im Idealfall 20 Drehbewegungen reichen. Außer im Deutschen heißt der Zauberwürfel in aller Welt "Rubik's Cube", benannt nach seinem Erfinder. 1974 hat der ungarische Architekt und Bauingenieur Ernö Rubik ihn entwickelt - um seinen Studenten räumliches Denkvermögen beizubringen. 1975 ließ Rubik ihn patentieren, aber erst 1979 bekam eine US-Firma von der kommunistischen Führung Ungarns eine Lizenz zur Herstellung. 1981, ein Jahr nach der Markteinführung, war die Euphorie auf dem Höhepunkt. 160 Millionen Stück wurden bis dahin verkauft. Magazine veröffentlichten erste Anleitungen zur Lösung.
Heute liegen die Verkaufszahlen bei insgesamt 350 Millionen, damit ist der Zauberwürfel wohl das meistverkaufte Spielzeug aller Zeiten. Eben erlebt er eine Renaissance. Man kann T-Shirts, Lautsprecher und Taschen kaufen, die sein Muster tragen, der US-Songwriter Adam Green singt, dass er mit dem Würfel begraben werden möchte. Der Weltrekord im beidhändigen Lösen eines zufällig verdrehten Würfels beträgt 7,08, einhändig 11,97, mit den Füßen 36,72 und mit verbundenen Augen 23,06 - Sekunden! In diesen Disziplinen gibt es Welt- und Europameisterschaften und offizielle Rekordlisten der "World Cube Association". Aber es gibt auch inoffizielle Weltrekorde, zum Beispiel im betrunkenen Zustand (angeblich 11,84 Sekunden) oder während eines Fallschirmsprungs (47 Sekunden). Ob es daran liegt, dass er in einer Welt, in der Spiele virtueller werden, ein haptischer Gegenentwurf ist - der Zauberwürfel begeistert die Menschen in aller Welt. "Jeder versteht ihn intuitiv", sagte sein Erfinder Ernö Rubik, 66, der zurückgezogen in Budapest lebt, vor zwei Jahren der Wochenzeitung Die Zeit. Ihn interessiere im Übrigen die schnelle Lösung nicht. Auch die kleinstmögliche Anzahl der Züge, die Forscher jetzt ermittelt haben, sei ihm nicht wichtig. "Der kürzeste Weg ist nicht unbedingt der schönste", sagte er."

Footnote

Vgl.: http://www.fr-online.de/panorama/im-handumdrehen/-/1472782/4555212/-/index.html.

Field

Mathematik

Object

Rubik Cube

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