Document (#36113)

Author

Eck, N.J. van
Waltman, L.
Dekker, R.
Berg, J. van den

Title

¬A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping : multidimensional scaling and VOS

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.12, S.2405-2416

Year

2010

Abstract

VOS is a new mapping technique that can serve as an alternative to the well-known technique of multidimensional scaling (MDS). We present an extensive comparison between the use of MDS and the use of VOS for constructing bibliometric maps. In our theoretical analysis, we show the mathematical relation between the two techniques. In our empirical analysis, we use the techniques for constructing maps of authors, journals, and keywords. Two commonly used approaches to bibliometric mapping, both based on MDS, turn out to produce maps that suffer from artifacts. Maps constructed using VOS turn out not to have this problem. We conclude that in general maps constructed using VOS provide a more satisfactory representation of a dataset than maps constructed using well-known MDS approaches.

Theme

Informetrie

Similar documents (author)

1. Berg, O.: Current problems with MARC/ISBD formats in relation to online public access of bibliographic information (1991) 1.84

   1.8376791 = sum of:
     1.8376791 = product of:
       3.6753583 = sum of:
         3.6753583 = weight(author_txt:berg in 469) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.6753583 = score(doc=469,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.67964923 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07855069 = queryNorm
             5.407728 = fieldWeight in 469, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=469)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

2. Berg, S.: Auf dem Weg : Fallbeispiel: Vorbereitungen für einen elektronischen Katalog (1995) 1.84

   1.8376791 = sum of:
     1.8376791 = product of:
       3.6753583 = sum of:
         3.6753583 = weight(author_txt:berg in 648) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.6753583 = score(doc=648,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.67964923 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07855069 = queryNorm
             5.407728 = fieldWeight in 648, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=648)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

3. Berg, L.: Wie das Internet die Gesellschaft verändert : Google gründet ein Forschungsinstitut in Berlin (2011) 1.84

   1.8376791 = sum of:
     1.8376791 = product of:
       3.6753583 = sum of:
         3.6753583 = weight(author_txt:berg in 4552) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.6753583 = score(doc=4552,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.67964923 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07855069 = queryNorm
             5.407728 = fieldWeight in 4552, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4552)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

4. Berg, L.: Pablo will es wissen : Lernen mit Salman Khan (2012) 1.84

   1.8376791 = sum of:
     1.8376791 = product of:
       3.6753583 = sum of:
         3.6753583 = weight(author_txt:berg in 228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.6753583 = score(doc=228,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.67964923 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07855069 = queryNorm
             5.407728 = fieldWeight in 228, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=228)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

5. Waltman, L.; Schreiber, M.: On the calculation of percentile-based bibliometric indicators (2013) 1.65

   1.648412 = sum of:
     1.648412 = product of:
       3.296824 = sum of:
         3.296824 = weight(author_txt:waltman in 616) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.296824 = score(doc=616,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7335374 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.038888 = boost
               8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07855069 = queryNorm
             4.4944186 = fieldWeight in 616, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=616)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Torres-Salinas, D.; Robinson-García, N.; Jiménez-Contreras, E.; Herrera, F.; López-Cózar, E.D.: On the use of biplot analysis for multivariate bibliometric and scientific indicators (2013) 0.34

   0.3421813 = sum of:
     0.3421813 = product of:
       0.77768475 = sum of:
         0.04072447 = weight(abstract_txt:conclude in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04072447 = score(doc=972,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.102769814 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0101888 = boost
               6.340301 = idf(docFreq=211, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.3962688 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.340301 = idf(docFreq=211, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.006376811 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.006376811 = score(doc=972,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.043059736 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1325727 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.041233312 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041233312 = score(doc=972,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.06825033 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1642256 = boost
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.6041482 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.0190526 = weight(abstract_txt:well in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0190526 = score(doc=972,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07803237 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2448647 = boost
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.2441628 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.06388292 = weight(abstract_txt:known in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06388292 = score(doc=972,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13874535 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6599461 = boost
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.46043286 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.055816118 = weight(abstract_txt:technique in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055816118 = score(doc=972,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15976378 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7812462 = boost
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.34936652 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.06301057 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06301057 = score(doc=972,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15737459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1651983 = boost
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.40038592 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.10736847 = weight(abstract_txt:multidimensional in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10736847 = score(doc=972,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2471097 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2152853 = boost
               6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.4344972 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.12841593 = weight(abstract_txt:scaling in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12841593 = score(doc=972,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27843118 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.351493 = boost
               7.3793993 = idf(docFreq=74, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.46121246 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3793993 = idf(docFreq=74, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.09246518 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09246518 = score(doc=972,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25604787 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7617922 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.36112458 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
         0.1593384 = weight(abstract_txt:bibliometric in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1593384 = score(doc=972,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.29210523 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9498508 = boost
               6.1714344 = idf(docFreq=250, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.5454829 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.1714344 = idf(docFreq=250, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

2. Maaten, L. van den; Hinton, G.: Visualizing non-metric similarities in multiple maps (2012) 0.32

   0.3189486 = sum of:
     0.3189486 = product of:
       1.1391021 = sum of:
         0.006376811 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.006376811 = score(doc=3884,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.043059736 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1325727 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
         0.07893591 = weight(abstract_txt:technique in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07893591 = score(doc=3884,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15976378 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7812462 = boost
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.49407884 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
         0.07717187 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07717187 = score(doc=3884,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.15737459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1651983 = boost
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.4903706 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
         0.2400832 = weight(abstract_txt:multidimensional in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2400832 = score(doc=3884,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.2471097 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2152853 = boost
               6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.9715653 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
         0.110304594 = weight(abstract_txt:constructing in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.110304594 = score(doc=3884,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25159442 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2352972 = boost
               7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.43842226 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
         0.28714675 = weight(abstract_txt:scaling in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28714675 = score(doc=3884,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.27843118 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.351493 = boost
               7.3793993 = idf(docFreq=74, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             1.0313025 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.3793993 = idf(docFreq=74, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
         0.33908296 = weight(abstract_txt:maps in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.33908296 = score(doc=3884,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.5319154 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6294594 = boost
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.6374753 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Petrovich, E.: Science mapping and science maps (2021) 0.26

   0.2624836 = sum of:
     0.2624836 = product of:
       0.9374414 = sum of:
         0.035793968 = weight(abstract_txt:mathematical in 595) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035793968 = score(doc=595,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10307732 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0116991 = boost
               6.3497796 = idf(docFreq=209, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.34725356 = fieldWeight in 595, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.3497796 = idf(docFreq=209, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=595)
         0.007890901 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 595) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.007890901 = score(doc=595,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.043059736 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1325727 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.18325473 = fieldWeight in 595, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=595)
         0.016671026 = weight(abstract_txt:well in 595) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016671026 = score(doc=595,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07803237 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2448647 = boost
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.21364245 = fieldWeight in 595, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=595)
         0.027367594 = weight(abstract_txt:approaches in 595) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027367594 = score(doc=595,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10859028 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4685212 = boost
               4.6084785 = idf(docFreq=1197, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.25202617 = fieldWeight in 595, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6084785 = idf(docFreq=1197, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=595)
         0.06752539 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 595) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06752539 = score(doc=595,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.15737459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1651983 = boost
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.4290743 = fieldWeight in 595, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=595)
         0.21405987 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 595) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21405987 = score(doc=595,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.25604787 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7617922 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.83601505 = fieldWeight in 595, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=595)
         0.56813264 = weight(abstract_txt:maps in 595) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.56813264 = score(doc=595,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.5319154 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6294594 = boost
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             1.0680883 = fieldWeight in 595, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=595)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Wang, W.M.; Cheung, C.F.; Lee, W.B.; Kwok, S.K.: Mining knowledge from natural language texts using fuzzy associated concept mapping (2008) 0.25

   0.24631369 = sum of:
     0.24631369 = product of:
       0.6157842 = sum of:
         0.011616248 = weight(abstract_txt:between in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011616248 = score(doc=2121,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06133059 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1036296 = boost
               3.4633842 = idf(docFreq=3764, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.18940382 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4633842 = idf(docFreq=3764, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.007890901 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.007890901 = score(doc=2121,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.043059736 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1325727 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.18325473 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.0136366375 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0136366375 = score(doc=2121,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06825033 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1642256 = boost
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.19980325 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.016671026 = weight(abstract_txt:well in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016671026 = score(doc=2121,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07803237 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2448647 = boost
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.21364245 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.024636114 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024636114 = score(doc=2121,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.091981776 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6553174 = boost
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.2678369 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.039525542 = weight(abstract_txt:known in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039525542 = score(doc=2121,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13874535 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6599461 = boost
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.2848783 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.069068916 = weight(abstract_txt:technique in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.069068916 = score(doc=2121,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15976378 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7812462 = boost
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.432319 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.055134248 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055134248 = score(doc=2121,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15737459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1651983 = boost
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.35033768 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.08090703 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08090703 = score(doc=2121,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25604787 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7617922 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.315984 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
         0.29669756 = weight(abstract_txt:maps in 2121) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29669756 = score(doc=2121,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.5319154 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6294594 = boost
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.5577909 = fieldWeight in 2121, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2121)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

5. Cobo, M.J.; López-Herrera, A.G.; Herrera-Viedma, E.; Herrera, F.: Science mapping software tools : review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools (2011) 0.24

   0.24246645 = sum of:
     0.24246645 = product of:
       1.0102769 = sum of:
         0.01115942 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01115942 = score(doc=4486,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.043059736 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1325727 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.25916135 = fieldWeight in 4486, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4486)
         0.038570233 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 4486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038570233 = score(doc=4486,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06825033 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1642256 = boost
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.5651289 = fieldWeight in 4486, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4486)
         0.110268496 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 4486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.110268496 = score(doc=4486,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15737459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1651983 = boost
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.70067537 = fieldWeight in 4486, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4486)
         0.22883964 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 4486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22883964 = score(doc=4486,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.25604787 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7617922 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.8937377 = fieldWeight in 4486, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4486)
         0.2788422 = weight(abstract_txt:bibliometric in 4486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2788422 = score(doc=4486,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.29210523 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9498508 = boost
               6.1714344 = idf(docFreq=250, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.954595 = fieldWeight in 4486, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.1714344 = idf(docFreq=250, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4486)
         0.34259686 = weight(abstract_txt:maps in 4486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.34259686 = score(doc=4486,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5319154 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6294594 = boost
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016045496 = queryNorm
             0.6440815 = fieldWeight in 4486, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.888745 = idf(docFreq=332, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4486)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)