Document (#37172)

Author

Kalfoglou, Y.
Schorlemmer, M.

Title

Ontology mapping : the state of the art

Source

Knowledge engineering review. 18(2003) no.1, S.1-31

Abstract

Ontology mapping is seen as a solution provider in today's landscape of ontology research. As the number of ontologies that are made publicly available and accessible on the Web increases steadily, so does the need for applications to use them. A single ontology is no longer enough to support the tasks envisaged by a distributed environment like the Semantic Web. Multiple ontologies need to be accessed from several applications. Mapping could provide a common layer from which several ontologies could be accessed and hence could exchange information in semantically sound manners. Developing such mappings has been the focus of a variety of works originating from diverse communities over a number of years. In this article we comprehensively review and present these works. We also provide insights on the pragmatics of ontology mapping and elaborate on a theoretical approach for defining ontology mapping.

Theme

Semantische Interoperabilität

Similar documents (content)

1. Klein, M.; Ding, Y.; Fensel, D.; Omelayenko, B.: Ontology management : storing, aligning and maintaining ontologies (2004) 0.30

   0.30058974 = sum of:
     0.30058974 = product of:
       0.8349715 = sum of:
         0.03931068 = weight(abstract_txt:mappings in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03931068 = score(doc=4402,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13850036 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0931301 = boost
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.28383088 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.013295462 = weight(abstract_txt:provide in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013295462 = score(doc=4402,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08470769 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2089903 = boost
               4.0180984 = idf(docFreq=2161, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.15695697 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.0180984 = idf(docFreq=2161, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.020457016 = weight(abstract_txt:number in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020457016 = score(doc=4402,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.089606345 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2434571 = boost
               4.132649 = idf(docFreq=1927, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.22829875 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.132649 = idf(docFreq=1927, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.021175178 = weight(abstract_txt:need in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021175178 = score(doc=4402,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0916914 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2578409 = boost
               4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.23093963 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.019276721 = weight(abstract_txt:several in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019276721 = score(doc=4402,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10851156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.368357 = boost
               4.5477557 = idf(docFreq=1272, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.17764671 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5477557 = idf(docFreq=1272, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.021857208 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021857208 = score(doc=4402,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.117991395 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4268771 = boost
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.18524408 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.2716966 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2716966 = score(doc=4402,freq=20.0), product of:
             0.2670118 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.628889 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             1.0175453 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
                 20.0 = termFreq=20.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.09883547 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09883547 = score(doc=4402,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.43790084 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.346296 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.22570285 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
         0.32906717 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 4402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32906717 = score(doc=4402,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.48159724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.993028 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.6832829 = fieldWeight in 4402, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4402)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Sure, Y.; Erdmann, M.; Studer, R.: OntoEdit: collaborative engineering of ontologies (2004) 0.24

   0.2383566 = sum of:
     0.2383566 = product of:
       0.8512736 = sum of:
         0.011015091 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 4405) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011015091 = score(doc=4405,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.060119063 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2474213 = boost
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.18322127 = fieldWeight in 4405, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4405)
         0.07389816 = weight(abstract_txt:envisaged in 4405) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07389816 = score(doc=4405,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18681517 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2695578 = boost
               8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.3955683 = fieldWeight in 4405, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4405)
         0.023132065 = weight(abstract_txt:several in 4405) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023132065 = score(doc=4405,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10851156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.368357 = boost
               4.5477557 = idf(docFreq=1272, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.21317604 = fieldWeight in 4405, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5477557 = idf(docFreq=1272, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4405)
         0.045429356 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 4405) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045429356 = score(doc=4405,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.117991395 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4268771 = boost
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.3850226 = fieldWeight in 4405, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4405)
         0.035292096 = weight(abstract_txt:works in 4405) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035292096 = score(doc=4405,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14380854 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5752654 = boost
               5.2354193 = idf(docFreq=639, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.24541028 = fieldWeight in 4405, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2354193 = idf(docFreq=639, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4405)
         0.16301797 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 4405) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16301797 = score(doc=4405,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.2670118 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.628889 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.6105272 = fieldWeight in 4405, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4405)
         0.49948883 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 4405) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.49948883 = score(doc=4405,freq=16.0), product of:
             0.48159724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.993028 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             1.0371505 = fieldWeight in 4405, product of:
               4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
                 16.0 = termFreq=16.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4405)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Choi, N.; Song, I.-Y.; Han, H.: ¬A survey on ontology mapping 0.24

   0.23770885 = sum of:
     0.23770885 = product of:
       1.4856803 = sum of:
         0.0524573 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0524573 = score(doc=170,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.117991395 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4268771 = boost
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.4445858 = fieldWeight in 170, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=170)
         0.1458077 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1458077 = score(doc=170,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2670118 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.628889 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.5460721 = fieldWeight in 170, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=170)
         0.5810315 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5810315 = score(doc=170,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.43790084 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.346296 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             1.3268564 = fieldWeight in 170, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=170)
         0.7063839 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.7063839 = score(doc=170,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.48159724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.993028 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             1.4667523 = fieldWeight in 170, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=170)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

4. Haslhofer, B.: ¬A Web-based mapping technique for establishing metadata interoperability (2008) 0.21

   0.21320665 = sum of:
     0.21320665 = product of:
       0.7614523 = sum of:
         0.03931068 = weight(abstract_txt:mappings in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03931068 = score(doc=3173,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13850036 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0931301 = boost
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.28383088 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
         0.018802622 = weight(abstract_txt:provide in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018802622 = score(doc=3173,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08470769 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2089903 = boost
               4.0180984 = idf(docFreq=2161, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.22197066 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.0180984 = idf(docFreq=2161, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
         0.009179243 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009179243 = score(doc=3173,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.060119063 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2474213 = boost
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.15268439 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
         0.02593419 = weight(abstract_txt:need in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02593419 = score(doc=3173,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.0916914 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2578409 = boost
               4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.28284213 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
         0.06998808 = weight(abstract_txt:steadily in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06998808 = score(doc=3173,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20345105 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3248795 = boost
               8.806516 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.3440045 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.806516 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
         0.49417737 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.49417737 = score(doc=3173,freq=25.0), product of:
             0.43790084 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.346296 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             1.1285143 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
               5.0 = tf(freq=25.0), with freq of:
                 25.0 = termFreq=25.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
         0.10406017 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10406017 = score(doc=3173,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.48159724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.993028 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.21607302 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Tang, J.; Liang, B.-Y.; Li, J.-Z.: Toward detecting mapping strategies for ontology interoperability (2005) 0.19

   0.1907414 = sum of:
     0.1907414 = product of:
       0.953707 = sum of:
         0.030842755 = weight(abstract_txt:several in 3367) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030842755 = score(doc=3367,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10851156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.368357 = boost
               4.5477557 = idf(docFreq=1272, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.28423473 = fieldWeight in 3367, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5477557 = idf(docFreq=1272, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3367)
         0.03497153 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 3367) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03497153 = score(doc=3367,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.117991395 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4268771 = boost
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.29639053 = fieldWeight in 3367, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3367)
         0.09720513 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 3367) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09720513 = score(doc=3367,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2670118 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.628889 = boost
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.3640481 = fieldWeight in 3367, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3367)
         0.4183905 = weight(abstract_txt:mapping in 3367) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4183905 = score(doc=3367,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.43790084 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.346296 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.95544577 = fieldWeight in 3367, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3367)
         0.37229702 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 3367) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.37229702 = score(doc=3367,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.48159724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.993028 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017437309 = queryNorm
             0.7730464 = fieldWeight in 3367, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3367)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)