Document (#42062)

Author
Noruzi, A.
Title
Google Scholar : the new generation of citation indexes
Source
Libri. 55(2005) no.4, S.170-180
Year
2005
Abstract
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com) provides a new method of locating potentially relevant articles on a given subject by identifying subsequent articles that cite a previously published article. An important feature of Google Scholar is that researchers can use it to trace interconnections among authors citing articles on the same topic and to determine the frequency with which others cite a specific article, as it has a "cited by" feature. This study begins with an overview of how to use Google Scholar for citation analysis and identifies advanced search techniques not well documented by Google Scholar. This study also compares the citation counts provided by Web of Science and Google Scholar for articles in the field of "Webometrics." It makes several suggestions for improving Google Scholar. Finally, it concludes that Google Scholar provides a free alternative or complement to other citation indexes.
Content
Auch unter: http://nouruzi.itgo.com/webometrics/Scholar.Google.pdf.
Theme
Suchmaschinen
Citation indexing
Object
Google Scholar

Similar documents (content)

  1. Kousha, K.; Thelwall, M.: Google Scholar citations and Google Web/URL citations : a multi-discipline exploratory analysis (2007) 0.35
    0.35449773 = sum of:
      0.35449773 = product of:
        1.4770739 = sum of:
          0.0080425935 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0080425935 = score(doc=337,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.03135475 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1861006 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.2565032 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
          0.01280945 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01280945 = score(doc=337,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05387694 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2694794 = boost
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.23775385 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
          0.07197873 = weight(abstract_txt:articles in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07197873 = score(doc=337,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.17028853 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1917722 = boost
                4.7821565 = idf(docFreq=1006, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.4226869 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.7821565 = idf(docFreq=1006, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
          0.13384697 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13384697 = score(doc=337,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.17854507 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2682338 = boost
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.7496537 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
          0.43215275 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.43215275 = score(doc=337,freq=9.0), product of:
              0.42928588 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.1668363 = boost
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              1.0066782 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
                3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                  9.0 = termFreq=9.0
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
          0.8182433 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.8182433 = score(doc=337,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.7144276 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.245562 = boost
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              1.1453131 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. Kousha, K.; Thelwall, M.; Rezaie, S.: Assessing the citation impact of books : the role of Google Books, Google Scholar, and Scopus (2011) 0.31
    0.30976924 = sum of:
      0.30976924 = product of:
        1.1063187 = sum of:
          0.034369066 = weight(abstract_txt:counts in 4920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.034369066 = score(doc=4920,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08256914 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1112661 = boost
                6.6599345 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.4162459 = fieldWeight in 4920, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.6599345 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4920)
          0.004643394 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.004643394 = score(doc=4920,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.03135475 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1861006 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 4920, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4920)
          0.01280945 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 4920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01280945 = score(doc=4920,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05387694 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2694794 = boost
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.23775385 = fieldWeight in 4920, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4920)
          0.04379455 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 4920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04379455 = score(doc=4920,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12227265 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9124446 = boost
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.35817128 = fieldWeight in 4920, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4920)
          0.122185 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 4920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.122185 = score(doc=4920,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.17854507 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2682338 = boost
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.684337 = fieldWeight in 4920, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4920)
          0.35285127 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 4920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.35285127 = score(doc=4920,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.42928588 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.1668363 = boost
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.82194936 = fieldWeight in 4920, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4920)
          0.535666 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 4920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.535666 = score(doc=4920,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.7144276 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.245562 = boost
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.74978346 = fieldWeight in 4920, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4920)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  3. Walters, W.H.: Google Scholar coverage of a multidisciplinary field (2007) 0.30
    0.29675967 = sum of:
      0.29675967 = product of:
        1.2364986 = sum of:
          0.02179552 = weight(abstract_txt:provides in 928) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02179552 = score(doc=928,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06617401 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4069152 = boost
                4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.3293668 = fieldWeight in 928, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=928)
          0.054743186 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 928) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054743186 = score(doc=928,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12227265 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9124446 = boost
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.4477141 = fieldWeight in 928, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=928)
          0.110194474 = weight(abstract_txt:articles in 928) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.110194474 = score(doc=928,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.17028853 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1917722 = boost
                4.7821565 = idf(docFreq=1006, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.6471045 = fieldWeight in 928, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.7821565 = idf(docFreq=1006, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=928)
          0.068303496 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 928) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.068303496 = score(doc=928,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17854507 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2682338 = boost
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.38255602 = fieldWeight in 928, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=928)
          0.31187937 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 928) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.31187937 = score(doc=928,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.42928588 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.1668363 = boost
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.72650737 = fieldWeight in 928, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=928)
          0.6695825 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 928) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6695825 = score(doc=928,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.7144276 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.245562 = boost
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.93722934 = fieldWeight in 928, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=928)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  4. Araújo, P.C. de; Gutierres Castanha, R.C.; Hjoerland, B.: Citation indexing and indexes (2021) 0.27
    0.2656256 = sum of:
      0.2656256 = product of:
        0.9486629 = sum of:
          0.0058042426 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0058042426 = score(doc=444,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.03135475 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1861006 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
          0.016011812 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016011812 = score(doc=444,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05387694 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2694794 = boost
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.2971923 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
          0.02179552 = weight(abstract_txt:provides in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02179552 = score(doc=444,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06617401 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4069152 = boost
                4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.3293668 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
          0.122409485 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.122409485 = score(doc=444,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.12227265 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9124446 = boost
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              1.0011191 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
          0.21599461 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21599461 = score(doc=444,freq=10.0), product of:
              0.17854507 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2682338 = boost
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              1.2097484 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
                3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                  10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
          0.18006364 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18006364 = score(doc=444,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.42928588 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.1668363 = boost
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.41944924 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
          0.3865836 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3865836 = score(doc=444,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7144276 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.245562 = boost
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.54110956 = fieldWeight in 444, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=444)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  5. López-Cózar, E.D.; Robinson-García, N.R.; Torres-Salinas, D.: ¬The Google scholar experiment : how to index false papers and manipulate bibliometric indicators (2014) 0.25
    0.24735951 = sum of:
      0.24735951 = product of:
        1.2367976 = sum of:
          0.0080425935 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1213) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0080425935 = score(doc=1213,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.03135475 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1861006 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.2565032 = fieldWeight in 1213, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1213)
          0.01280945 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 1213) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01280945 = score(doc=1213,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05387694 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2694794 = boost
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.23775385 = fieldWeight in 1213, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8040617 = idf(docFreq=2677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1213)
          0.07727658 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 1213) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07727658 = score(doc=1213,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.17854507 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.2682338 = boost
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.43281272 = fieldWeight in 1213, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.896717 = idf(docFreq=897, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1213)
          0.3811229 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 1213) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3811229 = score(doc=1213,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.42928588 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.1668363 = boost
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              0.8878067 = fieldWeight in 1213, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                5.3689504 = idf(docFreq=559, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1213)
          0.7575461 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 1213) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.7575461 = score(doc=1213,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.7144276 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.245562 = boost
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.011156545 = queryNorm
              1.060354 = fieldWeight in 1213, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                6.926203 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1213)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)