Document (#42457)

Author

Nikiforova, A.A.

Title

Soil classification

Source

Knowledge organization. 46(2019) no.6, S.467-488

Year

2019

Series

Reviews of concepts in knowledge organization

Abstract

Soil classification is a long-debated issue. Despite the accumulation of empirical data and appearance of modern computer technologies, soil classification problems remain unresolved and relevant for discussion. The main problem is the creation of a universal soil classification system. The causes of soil classification problems are analyzed and a solution based on co-temporary theories of classification and the general systems the-ory (open system) approach is presented. I discuss the purposes and the current state of soil classification, as well as unresolved issues such as: what definition of soils should be the basis for a universal soil classification system, should soil classification systems be genetic or morphological, how to make them evolutionary, and others. The common features of officially recognized national and international soil classification systems and some underdeveloped ones are reviewed, as well as those in which they differ from each other. It is shown that the shortcomings of soil classification systems are largely related to neglecting the essential character of soils, namely, its dual systemic nature to be not only an independent natural body (that is, a system), but also the result of interaction and interrelation of soil-forming factors (that is, an element of the system), ignoring the rules for logical division of concepts and replacing the differentiating criteria with diagnostic criteria. The theoretical basis and advantages of the "soil-landscape classification system" being developed by the author are outlined. To solve soil classification problems, an outside perspective is needed, that is, the use of classiology and the systems approach.

Content

DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2019-6-467.

Field

Geowissenschaften

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