Document (#4256)

Author

Baud, R.

Title

Natural language processing and GALEN

Source

International classification. 19(1992) no.4, S.193-194

Year

1992

Abstract

Within the next 3 years facilities to analyze, understand, index, query and generate free texts in natural language will be available in European languages in specific areas such as a medical specialty. Physicians and nurses will be able to enter information for the patient database using ordinary sentences. The system will interpret typing errors, bad syntax constructions and colloqiual medical terminology. A new generation of human interfaces will be available, including voice recognition and speech generation in natural language processor applications

Object

Galen

Similar documents (content)

1. Evens, M.W.: Natural language interface for an expert system (2002) 0.20

   0.1993449 = sum of:
     0.1993449 = product of:
       0.6229528 = sum of:
         0.029533554 = weight(abstract_txt:generate in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029533554 = score(doc=3719,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12515678 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0205535 = boost
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.23597248 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
         0.057029337 = weight(abstract_txt:patient in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057029337 = score(doc=3719,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19407791 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2708569 = boost
               7.5225 = idf(docFreq=64, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.29384765 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5225 = idf(docFreq=64, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
         0.076483764 = weight(abstract_txt:physicians in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.076483764 = score(doc=3719,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2360243 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4014801 = boost
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.32405037 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
         0.08264874 = weight(abstract_txt:generation in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08264874 = score(doc=3719,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.21712224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.900972 = boost
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.38065535 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
         0.09105556 = weight(abstract_txt:medical in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09105556 = score(doc=3719,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.23160669 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9633563 = boost
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.39314735 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
         0.0881929 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0881929 = score(doc=3719,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.17995305 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.119575 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.4900884 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
         0.12902312 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12902312 = score(doc=3719,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.26546803 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5743957 = boost
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.4860213 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
         0.06898585 = weight(abstract_txt:will in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06898585 = score(doc=3719,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.20454109 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.609329 = boost
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.33727136 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Nagy T., I.: Detecting multiword expressions and named entities in natural language texts (2014) 0.13

   0.1345146 = sum of:
     0.1345146 = product of:
       0.48040926 = sum of:
         0.030723153 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 1536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030723153 = score(doc=1536,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12849545 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.034076 = boost
               6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.23909914 = fieldWeight in 1536, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1536)
         0.038044114 = weight(abstract_txt:syntax in 1536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038044114 = score(doc=1536,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14817293 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1104347 = boost
               6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.25675482 = fieldWeight in 1536, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1536)
         0.18254869 = weight(abstract_txt:constructions in 1536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18254869 = score(doc=1536,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.24651292 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4322816 = boost
               8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.7405238 = fieldWeight in 1536, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1536)
         0.021320643 = weight(abstract_txt:available in 1536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021320643 = score(doc=1536,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1268978 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4532844 = boost
               4.3011656 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.16801429 = fieldWeight in 1536, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3011656 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1536)
         0.058795266 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058795266 = score(doc=1536,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17995305 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.119575 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.32672557 = fieldWeight in 1536, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1536)
         0.10534693 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 1536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10534693 = score(doc=1536,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.26546803 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5743957 = boost
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.39683473 = fieldWeight in 1536, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1536)
         0.043630484 = weight(abstract_txt:will in 1536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043630484 = score(doc=1536,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.20454109 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.609329 = boost
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.21330914 = fieldWeight in 1536, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1536)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Lee, N.S.: InfoStation: a multimedia access system for library automation (1990) 0.12

   0.12059178 = sum of:
     0.12059178 = product of:
       0.6029589 = sum of:
         0.0889116 = weight(abstract_txt:next in 7070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0889116 = score(doc=7070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12016635 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.9192348 = idf(docFreq=322, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.73990434 = fieldWeight in 7070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9192348 = idf(docFreq=322, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7070)
         0.15269528 = weight(abstract_txt:generation in 7070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15269528 = score(doc=7070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21712224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.900972 = boost
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.7032687 = fieldWeight in 7070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7070)
         0.094072424 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 7070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.094072424 = score(doc=7070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17995305 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.119575 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.5227609 = fieldWeight in 7070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7070)
         0.1685551 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 7070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1685551 = score(doc=7070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26546803 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5743957 = boost
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.63493556 = fieldWeight in 7070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7070)
         0.098724514 = weight(abstract_txt:will in 7070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.098724514 = score(doc=7070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20454109 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.609329 = boost
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.48266348 = fieldWeight in 7070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7070)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. Multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities. A report Commissioned by the US National Science Foundation and also delivered to the European Commission's Language Engineering Office and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 1999 (1999) 0.12

   0.117931895 = sum of:
     0.117931895 = product of:
       0.4913829 = sum of:
         0.07449969 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07449969 = score(doc=6068,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12849545 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.034076 = boost
               6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.57978463 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
         0.1052689 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1052689 = score(doc=6068,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.16180237 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.160382 = boost
               6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.65060174 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
         0.09447538 = weight(abstract_txt:generation in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09447538 = score(doc=6068,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21712224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.900972 = boost
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.4351253 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
         0.08231337 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08231337 = score(doc=6068,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17995305 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.119575 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.45741582 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
         0.07374286 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07374286 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26546803 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5743957 = boost
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.27778432 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
         0.061082676 = weight(abstract_txt:will in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.061082676 = score(doc=6068,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.20454109 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.609329 = boost
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.2986328 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Helbig, H.: Knowledge representation and the semantics of natural language (2014) 0.12

   0.11735207 = sum of:
     0.11735207 = product of:
       0.58676034 = sum of:
         0.073410295 = weight(abstract_txt:sentences in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.073410295 = score(doc=2396,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16788113 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1819783 = boost
               6.996407 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.43727544 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.996407 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
         0.10797186 = weight(abstract_txt:generation in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10797186 = score(doc=2396,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21712224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.900972 = boost
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.49728605 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
         0.1330385 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1330385 = score(doc=2396,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.17995305 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.119575 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.7392956 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
         0.22297743 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22297743 = score(doc=2396,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.26546803 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5743957 = boost
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.8399408 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
         0.049362257 = weight(abstract_txt:will in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049362257 = score(doc=2396,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20454109 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.609329 = boost
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020300994 = queryNorm
             0.24133174 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8613079 = idf(docFreq=2528, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)