Document (#43551)

Author

Wang, X.
Zhang, M.
Fan, W.
Zhao, K.

Title

Understanding the spread of COVID-19 misinformation on social media : the effects of topics and a political leader's nudge

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 73(2022) no.5, S.726-737

Year

2022

Abstract

The spread of misinformation on social media has become a major societal issue during recent years. In this work, we used the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as a case study to systematically investigate factors associated with the spread of multi-topic misinformation related to one event on social media based on the heuristic-systematic model. Among factors related to systematic processing of information, we discovered that the topics of a misinformation story matter, with conspiracy theories being the most likely to be retweeted. As for factors related to heuristic processing of information, such as when citizens look up to their leaders during such a crisis, our results demonstrated that behaviors of a political leader, former US President Donald J. Trump, may have nudged people's sharing of COVID-19 misinformation. Outcomes of this study help social media platform and users better understand and prevent the spread of misinformation on social media.

Content

Vgl.: https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.24576. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24576.

Theme

Internet

Field

Kommunikationswissenschaften

Similar documents (author)

1. Zhang, J.; Zhao, Y.: ¬A user term visualization analysis based on a social question and answer log (2013) 2.79

   2.7857661 = sum of:
     2.7857661 = product of:
       4.178649 = sum of:
         1.621465 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 2715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.621465 = score(doc=2715,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.50482357 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             3.2119439 = fieldWeight in 2715, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2715)
         2.5571837 = weight(author_txt:zhao in 2715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.5571837 = score(doc=2715,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6839786 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.163996 = boost
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             3.7386897 = fieldWeight in 2715, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2715)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

2. Sarnikar, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, J.L.: Query-performance prediction for effective query routing in domain-specific repositories (2014) 2.09

   2.0893245 = sum of:
     2.0893245 = product of:
       3.1339867 = sum of:
         1.2160988 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 1326) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2160988 = score(doc=1326,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.50482357 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.408958 = fieldWeight in 1326, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1326)
         1.9178879 = weight(author_txt:zhao in 1326) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.9178879 = score(doc=1326,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6839786 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.163996 = boost
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.8040173 = fieldWeight in 1326, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1326)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

3. Shen, X.-L.; Zhang, K.Z.K.; Zhao, S.J.: Herd behavior in consumers' adoption of online reviews (2016) 2.09

   2.0893245 = sum of:
     2.0893245 = product of:
       3.1339867 = sum of:
         1.2160988 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 3157) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2160988 = score(doc=3157,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.50482357 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.408958 = fieldWeight in 3157, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3157)
         1.9178879 = weight(author_txt:zhao in 3157) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.9178879 = score(doc=3157,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6839786 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.163996 = boost
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.8040173 = fieldWeight in 3157, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3157)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

4. Wang, X.; High, A.; Wang, X.; Zhao, K.: Predicting users' continued engagement in online health communities from the quantity and quality of received support (2021) 2.08

   2.083487 = sum of:
     2.083487 = product of:
       3.1252306 = sum of:
         1.5269907 = weight(author_txt:wang in 242) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.5269907 = score(doc=242,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.52661777 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.8996186 = fieldWeight in 242, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=242)
         1.5982399 = weight(author_txt:zhao in 242) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.5982399 = score(doc=242,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6839786 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.163996 = boost
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.3366811 = fieldWeight in 242, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=242)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

5. Zhao, G.; Wu, J.; Wang, D.; Li, T.: Entity disambiguation to Wikipedia using collective ranking (2016) 1.79

   1.7853236 = sum of:
     1.7853236 = product of:
       2.6779854 = sum of:
         1.0797455 = weight(author_txt:wang in 3266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0797455 = score(doc=3266,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.52661777 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.0503402 = fieldWeight in 3266, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3266)
         1.5982399 = weight(author_txt:zhao in 3266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.5982399 = score(doc=3266,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6839786 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.163996 = boost
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078585364 = queryNorm
             2.3366811 = fieldWeight in 3266, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.4773793 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3266)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Rubin, V.L.: Disinformation and misinformation triangle (2019) 0.35

   0.3492346 = sum of:
     0.3492346 = product of:
       1.0913582 = sum of:
         0.041571137 = weight(abstract_txt:societal in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041571137 = score(doc=5462,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08823797 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0305054 = boost
               7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.47112525 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
         0.04614799 = weight(abstract_txt:prevent in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04614799 = score(doc=5462,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09460109 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670152 = boost
               7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.4878167 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
         0.023285303 = weight(abstract_txt:processing in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023285303 = score(doc=5462,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07554264 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3484461 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.3082405 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
         0.05027996 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05027996 = score(doc=5462,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11466247 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0346692 = boost
               4.9611073 = idf(docFreq=841, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.43850407 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.9611073 = idf(docFreq=841, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
         0.051487297 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051487297 = score(doc=5462,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13811505 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8828897 = boost
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.37278557 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
         0.12800793 = weight(abstract_txt:media in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12800793 = score(doc=5462,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.20118187 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4793806 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.63627964 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
         0.21712893 = weight(abstract_txt:spread in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21712893 = score(doc=5462,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.33466944 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.0138445 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.64878625 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
         0.5334497 = weight(abstract_txt:misinformation in 5462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5334497 = score(doc=5462,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.6975313 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.097085 = boost
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.7647682 = fieldWeight in 5462, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5462)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Fichman, P.; Vaughn, M.: ¬The relationships between misinformation and outrage trolling tactics on two Yahoo! Answers categories (2021) 0.28

   0.27990395 = sum of:
     0.27990395 = product of:
       1.7493997 = sum of:
         0.06435912 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06435912 = score(doc=411,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13811505 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8828897 = boost
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.46598196 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
         0.08000495 = weight(abstract_txt:media in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08000495 = score(doc=411,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20118187 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4793806 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.39767477 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
         0.27141118 = weight(abstract_txt:spread in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27141118 = score(doc=411,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.33466944 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.0138445 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.8109828 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
         1.3336244 = weight(abstract_txt:misinformation in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.3336244 = score(doc=411,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.6975313 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.097085 = boost
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             1.9119204 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Thelwall, M.; Thelwall, S.: ¬A thematic analysis of highly retweeted early COVID-19 tweets : consensus, information, dissent and lockdown life (2020) 0.24

   0.24240948 = sum of:
     0.24240948 = product of:
       0.86574817 = sum of:
         0.022100786 = weight(abstract_txt:during in 178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022100786 = score(doc=178,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07295853 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3251821 = boost
               4.846761 = idf(docFreq=943, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.30292258 = fieldWeight in 178, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.846761 = idf(docFreq=943, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=178)
         0.09431985 = weight(abstract_txt:retweeted in 178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09431985 = score(doc=178,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1523572 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3541102 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.6190705 = fieldWeight in 178, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=178)
         0.021644335 = weight(abstract_txt:related in 178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021644335 = score(doc=178,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08236275 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7244419 = boost
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.26279277 = fieldWeight in 178, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=178)
         0.10297459 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10297459 = score(doc=178,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.13811505 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8828897 = boost
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.74557114 = fieldWeight in 178, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=178)
         0.40717134 = weight(abstract_txt:covid in 178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.40717134 = score(doc=178,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.3206041 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4022615 = boost
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             1.270013 = fieldWeight in 178, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=178)
         0.06400397 = weight(abstract_txt:media in 178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06400397 = score(doc=178,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20118187 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4793806 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.31813982 = fieldWeight in 178, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=178)
         0.15353334 = weight(abstract_txt:spread in 178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15353334 = score(doc=178,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.33466944 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.0138445 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.45876116 = fieldWeight in 178, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=178)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Baines, D.; Elliott, R.J.: Defining misinformation, disinformation and malinformation : an urgent need for clarity during the COVID-19 infodemic (2020) 0.21

   0.21105365 = sum of:
     0.21105365 = product of:
       0.87939024 = sum of:
         0.047675032 = weight(abstract_txt:crisis in 5853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047675032 = score(doc=5853,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09667665 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0786569 = boost
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.49313906 = fieldWeight in 5853, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5853)
         0.021644335 = weight(abstract_txt:related in 5853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021644335 = score(doc=5853,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08236275 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7244419 = boost
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.26279277 = fieldWeight in 5853, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2046843 = idf(docFreq=1793, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5853)
         0.03640702 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 5853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03640702 = score(doc=5853,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13811505 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8828897 = boost
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.26359922 = fieldWeight in 5853, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5853)
         0.332454 = weight(abstract_txt:covid in 5853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.332454 = score(doc=5853,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.3206041 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4022615 = boost
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             1.0369612 = fieldWeight in 5853, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5853)
         0.06400397 = weight(abstract_txt:media in 5853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06400397 = score(doc=5853,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20118187 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4793806 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.31813982 = fieldWeight in 5853, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5853)
         0.37720594 = weight(abstract_txt:misinformation in 5853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.37720594 = score(doc=5853,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6975313 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.097085 = boost
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.5407728 = fieldWeight in 5853, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5853)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. O'Connor, C.; Weatherall, J.O.: ¬The misinformation age : how false ideas spread (2019) 0.18

   0.17898105 = sum of:
     0.17898105 = product of:
       0.8949052 = sum of:
         0.04571447 = weight(abstract_txt:political in 5818) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04571447 = score(doc=5818,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.118442275 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6884605 = boost
               6.1754265 = idf(docFreq=249, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.38596416 = fieldWeight in 5818, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.1754265 = idf(docFreq=249, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5818)
         0.0355533 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 5818) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0355533 = score(doc=5818,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11466247 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0346692 = boost
               4.9611073 = idf(docFreq=841, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.3100692 = fieldWeight in 5818, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9611073 = idf(docFreq=841, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5818)
         0.06305881 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 5818) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06305881 = score(doc=5818,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13811505 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8828897 = boost
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.45656723 = fieldWeight in 5818, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.2175875 = idf(docFreq=1770, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5818)
         0.21712893 = weight(abstract_txt:spread in 5818) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21712893 = score(doc=5818,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.33466944 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.0138445 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.64878625 = fieldWeight in 5818, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5818)
         0.5334497 = weight(abstract_txt:misinformation in 5818) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5334497 = score(doc=5818,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.6975313 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.097085 = boost
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01135923 = queryNorm
             0.7647682 = fieldWeight in 5818, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5818)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)